Detaljerad miljöinformation

Detailed background information

Environmental Risk Classification

Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC)

PEC is calculated according to the following formula:

PEC(μg/L) = (A*10⁹*(100-R))/(365*P*V*D*100) = 1.37*10^-6*A(100-R)

PEC = 0,19 μg/L

Where:

A = 1422,1498 kg The total sold amount of codeine (codeine phosphate hemihydrate 1422,1498 kg) in Sweden year 2022, data from IQVIA. (Ref. 1)

R = removal rate = 0% (no data available)

P = number of inhabitants in Sweden = 10*10⁶

V (L/day) = volume of waste water per capita and day = 200 (ECHA default) (Ref. 2)

D = factor for dilution of waste water by surface water flow = 10 (ECHA default) (Ref. 2)

Ecotoxicological studies

No ecotoxicological data available.

Degradation

No degradation data available.

Bioaccumulation

An experimentally derived Log K_ow of 1,19 (unknown method) (Ref. 3) indicates that Codeine has low potential for bioaccumulation.

Log K_ow<4 which justifies the phrase “Codeine has low potential for bioaccumulation”.

References:

1. Data from IQVIA ”Consumption assessment in kg for input to environmental classification - updated 2023 (data 2022)”.

2. ECHA, European Chemicals Agency. Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. Ver 2.1, 2011. http://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13643/information_requirements_r2_en.pdf

3. Avdeef A et al. (1996), ChemID+, US National Library of Medicin, National Institutes of Health, http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/chemidheavy.jsp