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Fludarabin Actavis

Teva

Koncentrat till injektions-/infusionsvätska, lösning 25 mg/ml
(Pulver för injektion eller infusion)

Cytostatika, purinanaloger

Aktiv substans:
ATC-kod: L01BB05
Läkemedel från Teva omfattas av Läkemedelsförsäkringen.
  • Vad är miljöinformation?

Miljöinformation

Miljöpåverkan

Miljöinformationen för fludarabinfosfat är framtagen av företaget Sanofi AB för Fludara®

Miljörisk: Risk för miljöpåverkan av fludarabinfosfat kan inte uteslutas då ekotoxikologiska data saknas.
Nedbrytning: Det kan inte uteslutas att fludarabinfosfat är persistent, då data saknas.
Bioackumulering: Fludarabinfosfat har låg potential att bioackumuleras.


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Detaljerad miljöinformation

Environmental Risk Classification

Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC)

PEC is calculated according to the following formula:

PEC (μg/L) = (A*109(100-R))/(365*P*V*D*100) = 1.37*10-6A*(100-R)


PEC = 2.09*10-5 μg/L


Where:

A = 0.1527 kg (total sold amount API in Sweden year 2022, data from IQVIA)

R = 0% removal rate (due to loss by adsorption to sludge particles, by volatilization, hydrolysis or biodegradation)

P = number of inhabitants in Sweden = 10*106

V (L/day) = volume of wastewater per capita and day = 200 (ECHA 2008, Ref I).

D = factor of dilution of waste water by surface water flow = 10 (ECHA 2008, Ref I).


Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC)

Ecotoxicological studies

No data available.


Environmental risk classification (PEC/PNEC ratio)

The PEC/PNEC ratio could not be calculated due to missing data, hence justifies the phrase: "Risk of environmental impact of fludarabine cannot be excluded, since no ecotoxicity data are available."


However, according to the European Medicines Agency guideline on environmental risk assessment of medicinal products (EMA/CHMP/SWP/4447/00), use of fludarabine is unlikely to represent a risk for the environment, because the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) is below the action limit 0.01 μg/L.


Degradation

No data available, which justifies the phrase: "The potential for persistence of fludarabine cannot be excluded, due to lack of data."


Bioaccumulation

Partitioning coefficient:

Log Pow = -1.18 at pH 7 (estimated data, method unknown)
(Ref II)


Justification of chosen biaccumulation phrase:

Since log Pow < 4 at pH 7, fludarabine has low potential for bioaccumulation.


Excretion (metabolism)

The dephosphorylated product fludarabine (2F-ara-A) is the principal metabolite present in the systemic circulation. Renal excretion is the major clearance pathway. (Ref III)


References

  1. ECHA, European Chemicals Agency, 2008 Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. https://echa.europa.eu/sv/guidance-documents/guidance-on-information-requirements-and-chemical-safety-assessment

  2. Hansch C et al. (1995), ChemID+, US National Library of Medicin, National

    Institutes of Health, https://chem.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/chemidlite.jsp

  3. Yin W, Karyagina EV, Lundberg AS, Greenblatt DJ, Lister-James J. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2010, Jan; 31(1):72-81