Detaljerad miljöinformation

Environmental Risk Classification

Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC)

PEC is calculated according to the following formula:

PEC (µg/L) = (A * 10⁹ * (100-R)) / (365 * P * V * D * 100) = 1.37*10^-6 * A(100-R)
PEC = 0.0016 µg/L

Where:

A = 11.4928 kg (total sold amount API in Sweden year 2023, data from IQVIA/LIF) (11.4845 kg (adrenaline tartrate) + 0,0083 kg (adrenalin)). (Ref. 1)

R = 0% removal rate (due to loss by adsorption to sludge particles, by volatilization, hydrolysis or biodegradation).

P = number of inhabitants in Sweden = 10 * 10⁶

V = 200 L/day (volume of wastewater per capita and day, ECHA default). (Ref. 2)

D = 10 (factor for dilution of wastewater by surface water flow, ECHA default. (Ref. 2)

Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC)

Ecotoxicological studies

No sufficient ecotoxicological data are available.

Environmental risk classification (PEC/PNEC ratio)

PEC/PNEC ratio cannot be calculated.

Summary phrase:

Risk of environmental impact of adrenaline cannot be excluded, since there is not sufficient ecotoxicity data available.

Degradation

Biotic degradation

Biodegradation data are not available however, the compound was not affected by various strains of Mycobacterium. (Ref. 4)

Abiotic degradation

Hydrolysis

Adrenaline is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. (Ref. 4)

Adrenaline deteriorates rapidly on exposure to air or light, turning red from oxidation to adrenochrome. (Ref. 4)

Test in aquatic solutions at pH 9,2 provided a rate constant which corresponds to an aquatic half-life of 36,5 days (method unknown). (Ref. 4)

Summary phrase:

The potential for persistence of adrenaline cannot be excluded, due to lack of data.

Bioaccumulation

An estimated BCF of 3.2 was calculated in fish for adrenaline (SRC), using a log Kow of -2.59 and a regression-derived equation. According to a classification scheme, this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. (Ref. 4)

Summary phrase:

Since BCF < 500(calculated) or Log P < 4, the substance has low potential for bioaccumulation.

References:

1 Data from IQVIA/LIF – kg consumption – 2023 (försäljningsdata)

2 ECHA, European Chemicals Agency. 2016 Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. Chapter R.16.

3 United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), ecotox knowledge database. Search on CAS: 51-43-4 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/search.cfm

4 Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB). Hazardous Substance Data Bank number: 4289. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/4289