Miljöpåverkan
Zopiklon
Miljörisk:
Risk för miljöpåverkan av zopiklon kan inte uteslutas då ekotoxikologiska data saknas.
Nedbrytning:
Det kan inte uteslutas att zopiklon är persistent, då data saknas.
Bioackumulering:
Zopiklon har låg potential att bioackumuleras.
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Detaljerad miljöinformation
Environmental Risk Classification
Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC)
PEC is calculated according to the following formula:
PEC (μg/L) = (A*109*(100-R))/(365*P*V*D*100) = 1.5*10-6*A(100-R)
PEC = 0.052 μg/L
Where:
A = 349.31 kg (total sold amount API of zopiclone in Sweden year 2020, data from IQVIA) (Ref. 1)
R = removal rate = 0% (no data available)
P = number of inhabitants in Sweden = 10*106
V (L/day) = volume of waste water per capita and day = 200 (ECHA default) (Ref. 2)
D = factor for dilution of waste water by surface water flow = 10 (ECHA default) (Ref. 2)
Ecotoxicological studies
No ecotoxicological data available.
Degradation
No degradation data available.
Bioaccumulation
An estimated log Kow of 1.54 (unknown method) (Ref. 3) indicates that zopiclone has low potential for bioaccumulation.
Log Kow < 4 which justifies use of the phrase “Zopiclone has low potential for bioaccumulation”.
Excretion (metabolism)
Approximately 80% of all zopiclone is excreted through the urine, mainly as unconjugated metabolites (N-oxide- and N-desmethyl derivate). Approximately 16% is excreted through faeces. (Ref. 4)
References:
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Data from IQVIA ”Consumption assessment in kg for input to environmental classification - updated 2021 (data 2020)”.
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ECHA, European Chemicals Agency. Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. Ver 2.1, 2011
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Meylan WM & Howard PH (1995), ChemID+, US National Library of Medicin
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SPC (Summary of Product Characteristics) Imovane, 2018-10-29, FASS.se