Miljöpåverkan
Granisetron
Miljörisk:
Risk för miljöpåverkan av granisetron kan inte uteslutas då ekotoxikologiska data saknas.
Nedbrytning:
Det kan inte uteslutas att granisetron är persistent, då data saknas.
Bioackumulering:
Granisetron har låg potential att bioackumuleras.
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Detaljerad miljöinformation
Environmental Risk Classification
Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC)
PEC is calculated according to the following formula:
PEC (μg/L) = (A*109*(100-R))/(365*P*V*D*100) = 1.5*10- 6*A (100-R)
PEC = 5.7 *10- 6μg/L
Where:
A = 0.03797 kg (total sold amount API in Sweden year 2015, data from IMS Health).
R = 0 % removal rate (due to loss by adsorption to sludge particles, by volatilization, hydrolysis or biodegradation)
P = number of inhabitants in Sweden = 9 *106
V (L/day) = volume of wastewater per capita and day = 200 (ECHA default) (Ref I)
D = factor for dilution of waste water by surface water flow = 10 (ECHA default) (Ref I)
Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC)
No ecotoxicological study results are available, hence the PNEC (μg/L) could
not be estimated.
Environmental Risk Classification (PEC/PNEC ratio)
The PEC/PNEC ratio could not be calculated due to lack of data and
therefore justifies the phrase: " Risk of environmental impact of granisetron
cannot be excluded, since no ecotoxicity data are available"
However, according to the European Medicines Agency guideline on
environmental risk assessment of medicinal products
(EMA/CHMP/SWP/4447/00), use of granisetron is unlikely to represent a
risk for the environment, because the predicted environmental
concentration (PEC) is below the action limit 0.01 μg/L.
Degradation
No degradation data are available, hence justifies the phrase: "The potential for persistence of granisetron cannot be excluded, due to lack of data"
Bioaccumulation
Partitioning coefficient:
Log Kow = of 2.84 ± 0.25 at pH 7 (experimentally determined in line with OECD 107) (Ref II)
Justification for bioaccumulation phrase:
Since log Kow < 4 at pH 7, granisetron has low potential for bioaccumulation.
Excretion
Granisetron is excreted to 12 % as parent compound in urine 48 hours following i.v. injection. The pharmacological activity of the metabolites is not known. (Ref III)
References
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ECHA, European Chemicals Agency, 2008 Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. https://echa.europa.eu/guidance-documents/guidance-on-information-requirements-and-chemical-safety-assessment
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Sanusco Environmental Risk Asessment Report EMA/228344/2012 (16 Feb 2012).
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Sanusco Summary of Product Characteristics (May 2016).