Miljöpåverkan
Flumazenil
Miljörisk:
Användning av flumazenil har bedömts medföra försumbar risk för miljöpåverkan.
Nedbrytning:
Det kan inte uteslutas att flumazenil är persistent, då data saknas.
Bioackumulering:
Flumazenil har låg potential att bioackumuleras.
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Detaljerad miljöinformation
Environmental Risk Classification
Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC)
PEC is calculated according to the following formula:
PEC (μg/L) = (A*109*(100-R))/(365*P*V*D*100) = 1.37*10-6*A*(100-0)
PEC = 0,00000116 μg/L = 1,16*10-6 µg/L
Where:
A = 0,0085 kg (total sold amount API in Sweden year 2021, data from IQVIA). Reduction of A may be justified based on metabolism data.
R = 0 % removal rate (due to loss by adsorption to sludge particles, by volatilization, hydrolysis or biodegradation) = 0 if no data is available.
P = number of inhabitants in Sweden = 10 *106
V (L/day) = volume of wastewater per capita and day = 200 (ECHA default) (Ref. I)
D = factor for dilution of waste water by surface water flow = 10 (ECHA default) (Ref. I)
According to the European Medicines Agency guideline on environmental risk assessment of medicinal products (EMA/CHMP/SWP/4447/00), use of Flumazenil is unlikely to represent a risk for the environment, because the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) is below the action limit 0.01 μg/L.
Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC)
Ecotoxicological studies
Acute toxicity in:
Crustacean (Daphnia magna), (FDA TAD 4.08) (Ref. 3)
EC50 48h (Endpoint, immobilization) = >500 mg/L
Environmental risk classification (PEC/PNEC ratio)
Since PEC/PNEC ≤ 0.1, which justifies the phrase Use of Flumazenil has been considered to result in insignificant environmental risk.
Degradation
No data available, which justifies for the degradation phrase: "the potential for persistence of flumazenil cannot be excluded, due to lack of data".
Bioaccumulation
LogP = 1,54 (Ref. 2)
Since log P < 4 at pH 7, the substance has low potential for bioaccumulation.
References:
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ECHA, European Chemicals Agency. 2008 Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. http://guidance.echa.europa.eu/docs/guidance_document/information_requirements_en.htm
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Drugbank, 2022-01-27, https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00762 (ALOGPS)
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Klaus Kümmerer, Pharmaceuticals in the EnvironmentSources, Fate, Effects and Risks, 2001, 1 st edn. Springer, Heidelberg.