Läs upp

FASS logotyp
Receptfri

Peka på symbolerna och beteckningarna till vänster för en förklaring.

Kontakt

Sök apotek med läkemedlet i lager

Sök lagerstatus

Zymelin

Miljöinformation
Förmånsstatus
Orifarm Generics AB

Nässpray, lösning 1 mg/ml
(Tillhandahålls ej) (Klar, ofärgad lösning.)

Avsvällande nässpray utan konserveringsmedel

Aktiv substans:
ATC-kod: R01AA07
Utbytbarhet: Utbytbara läkemedel
Läkemedel från Orifarm Generics AB omfattas av Läkemedelsförsäkringen.
  • Vad är miljöinformation?

Miljöinformation

Miljöpåverkan

Miljöinformationen för xylometazolin är framtagen av företaget Haleon Denmark för Otrinex, Otrivin Comp, Otrivin®, Otrivin® Menthol (utan konserveringsmedel), Otrivin® utan konserveringsmedel

Miljörisk: Användning av xylometazolin har bedömts medföra försumbar risk för miljöpåverkan.
Nedbrytning: Xylometazolin är potentiellt persistent.
Bioackumulering: Xylometazolin har låg potential att bioackumuleras.


Läs mer

Detaljerad miljöinformation

Environmental Risk Classification

Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC)

PEC is calculated according to the following formula:

PEC (μg/L) = (A*109*(100-R)/(365*P*V*D*100)

PEC = 0.027 μg/L


Where:

A = 199,81 kg (total sold amount API in Sweden year 2022, derived from data from IQVIA). Reduction of A may be justified based on metabolism data.

R = 0% removal rate (conservatively, it has been assumed there is no loss by adsorption to sludge particles, by volatilization, hydrolysis or biodegradation)

P = number of inhabitants in Sweden = 10*106

V (L/day) = volume of wastewater per capita and day = 200 (ECHA default) (Reference 1)

D = factor for dilution of waste water by surface water flow = 10 (ECHA default) (Reference 1)


Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC)

Ecotoxicological studies:

Green algae: EC50 = 2.03 mg/L (Desmodesmus subspicatus, 72 h (growth rate), (OECD 201) (Reference 2)


Daphnia acute toxicity: EC50 = 5.63 mg/L (Daphnia magna, 48h, OECD 202) (Reference 2)


Fish acute toxicity: LC50 = 71 mg/L (Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), 96h, OECD203) (Reference 2)


Bacterial Respiration Inhibition: IC20 = 90 mg/L (activated sludge, 0.5h, OECD 209) (Reference 2)


The PNEC is based on the following data:

PNEC (µg/l) = lowest acute EC50 / 1,000, where 1,000 is the assessment factor used.

An EC50 of 2.03 mg/l for green algae has been used for this calculation

PNEC = 2,030 µg/L /1000 = 2.03 µg/l

PNEC (μg/L) = lowest NOEC/1,000, where 1000 is the assessment factor applied for three short-term EC50s. EC50 for green algae (= 2.03 mg/L) has been used for this calculation since it is the most sensitive of the three tested species.


Environmental risk classification (PEC/PNEC ratio)

PEC/PNEC = 0.027/2.03 = 13,3 x 10-3, i.e. PEC/PNEC ≤ 0.1 which justifies the phrase “Use of Xylometazoline has been considered to result in insignificant environmental risk.”


Environmental fate studies:

Degradation:

Degradation: < 10% (aerobic, 28d, 20-24°C, OECD 301A) (Reference 2)

This substance is not readily biodegradable.


Bioaccumulation

Partition Coefficient: log Kow 2.84 (OECD107) (Reference 2)

Justification of chosen bioaccumulation phrase:

Since log Kow < 4, the substance has low potential for bioaccumulation.


PBT/vPvB assessment

Xylometazoline does not fulfil the criteria for PBT and/or vBvP.

All three properties, i.e. ‘P’, ‘B’ and ‘T’ are required in order to classify a compound as PBT (Reference 1). Xylometazoline does not fulfil the criteria for PBT and/or vBvP based on log Kow < 4.


References

  1. ECHA, European Chemicals Agency. 2008 Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment.

  2. Safety Data Sheet. Xylometazoline hydrochloride Version No.23. Fagron UK Ltd, July 2014.

Upp