Miljöpåverkan
Efedrin (vattenfritt)
Miljörisk:
Risk för miljöpåverkan av efedrin (vattenfritt) kan inte uteslutas då ekotoxikologiska data saknas.
Nedbrytning:
Det kan inte uteslutas att efedrin (vattenfritt) är persistent, då data saknas.
Bioackumulering:
Efedrin (vattenfritt) har låg potential att bioackumuleras.
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Detaljerad miljöinformation
Environmental Risk Classification
Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC)
PEC is calculated according to the following formula:
PEC (μg/L) = (A*109*(100-R))/(365*P*V*D*100) = 1.37*10-6*A(100-R)
PEC = 0.0237 μg/L
Where:
A = 173.6 kg (total amount API of ephedrine hydrochloride and ephedrine sulfate in Sweden year 2023, data from IQVIA). (Ref. 1)
R = removal rate = 0% (no data available)
P = number of inhabitants in Sweden = 10*106
V (L/day) = volume of waste water per capita and day = 200 (ECHA default) (Ref. 2)
D = factor for dilution of waste water by surface water flow = 10 (ECHA default) (Ref. 2)
Ecotoxicological studies
No ecotoxicological data available.
Degradation
No degradation data available.
Bioaccumulation
An experimentally derived log Kow of 1.13 (unknown method) (Ref. 3) indicates that ephedrine has low potential for bioaccumulation.
Log Kow < 4 which justifies use of the phrase “Ephedrine has low potential for bioaccumulation”.
Excretion (metabolism)
During 24 hours, 55-75% is excreted as the unchanged substance through urine. The metabolism takes place mainly in the liver through N-demethylation to the main metabolite norephedrine -phenylpropanolamine, which is pharmacologically active with central stimulant properties. (Ref. 4)
References:
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Data from IQVIA ”Consumption assessment in kg for input to environmental classification v1 - updated 2024 (data 2023)”.
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ECHA, European Chemicals Agency. Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. Ver 2.1, 2011.
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Avdeef, A (1997), ChemID+, US National Library of Medicin.
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SPC (Summary of Product Characteristics) Lepheton, 2024-02-19, FASS.se.