Miljöpåverkan
Acetazolamid
Miljörisk:
Risk för miljöpåverkan av acetazolamid kan inte uteslutas då ekotoxikologiska data saknas.
Nedbrytning:
Det kan inte uteslutas att acetazolamid är persistent, då data saknas.
Bioackumulering:
Acetazolamid har låg potential att bioackumuleras.
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Detaljerad miljöinformation
Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC)
PEC is calculated according to the following formula:
PEC (µg/L) = (A*109*(100-R))/(365*P*V*D*100)
PEC (µg/L) = 1,37*10-6*A(100-R)
PEC = 1,37 x 10-6 x A(100–0)
PEC = 0,055571091 μg/L
Where:
A = 405,6284 kg (total sold amount API in Sweden year 2022, data from IQVIA). Reduction of A may be justified based on metabolism data.
R = X % removal rate (due to loss by adsorption to sludge particles, by volatilization, hydrolysis or biodegradation) = 0 if no data is available.
P = number of inhabitants in Sweden = 10 *106
V (L/day) = volume of wastewater per capita and day = 200
(ECHA default) (Ref. 1)
D = factor for dilution of waste water by surface water flow = 10
(ECHA default) (Ref. 1)
Bioaccumulation
The majority of data from the public domain considering the unionized and the ionized form of azetacolamide indicate little risk for bioaccumulation, in particular, since Dow values (across a pH range from 2.58 to 10) are below the trigger value of ≤4 (Ref. 2, 3, 4).
|
Reference |
logP |
|
Machata et al, 2005 |
logP -0.26 |
|
Benet et al, 2011 |
logP (pH 7.4): −0.45 |
|
Bertod et al, 1999 |
LogP (pH 7.39): -0.76 |
References
1. ECHA, European Chemicals Agency. Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. Ver 2.1, 2011.
http://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13643/information_requirements_r2_en.pdf
2. Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI. BDDCS applied to over 900 drugs. AAPS J. 2011 Dec;13(4):519-47.
3. Berthod A. Hydrophobicity of Ionizable Compounds. A Theoretical Study and Measurements of Diuretic Octanol-Water Partition Coefficients by Countercurrent Chromatography. Anal. Chem. 1999, 71, 879-888.
4. Machatha SG, Yalkowsky SH. Comparison of the octanol/water partition coefficients calculated by ClogP, ACDlogP and KowWin to experimentally determined values. Int J Pharm. 2005 Apr 27;294(1-2):185-92.