Miljöpåverkan
Miljöinformationen för erlotinib är framtagen av företaget Roche för Tarceva
Miljörisk:
Användning av erlotinib har bedömts medföra försumbar risk för miljöpåverkan.
Nedbrytning:
Erlotinib är potentiellt persistent.
Bioackumulering:
Erlotinib har låg potential att bioackumuleras.
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Detaljerad miljöinformation
Identification and characterisation
Chemical name: Erlotinib hydrochloride
CAS number: 183319-69-9 [1]
Molecular weight: 429.9 [1]
Remark: -
Brand name: Tarceva [1]
Physico-chemical properties
Aqueous solubility 810 mg/l [1]
Dissociation constant, pKa 5.7 (base) [1]
Melting point 228–238 °C, with partial decomposition [1]
Vapour pressure 7.9*E–09 Pa QSAR
Boiling point ND
KH 2.1*E-06 – 8.6*E-11 atm*m3/mol QSAR
QSAR = QSAR-modelled (EPISuite, SPARC, ACD Solaris)
Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC)
PEC is calculated according to the formula:
PEC (μg/L) = (A x 1'000'000'000 x (100-R)) / (365 x P x V x D x 100) = 1.37 x 10-6 x A x (100 - R) = 0.00016 μg/l
Where:
A Sold quantity = 1.18097 kg/y sales data from IQVIA / LIF - kg consumption 2021
R Removal rate = 0 % Default [2]
P Population of Sweden = 10 000 000
V Volume of Wastewater = 200 l/day Default [2]
D Factor for Dilution = 10 Default [2]
Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC)
Ecotoxicological studies
Green alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata): [3]
ErC50 72 h (growth rate) >100 mg/l nominal concentration (OECD 201)
EbC50 72 h (biomass) >100 mg/l nominal concentration (OECD 201)
NOEC 72 h = 1.39 mg/l (OECD 201)
Water-flea (Daphnia magna): [4]
EC50 48 h (immobilisation) >100 mg/l (OECD 202)
NOEC 48 h (immobilisation) = 0.7 mg/l (OECD 202)
Water-flea (Daphnia magna): [5]
21 d NOEC (overall) = 0.6 mg/l (OECD 211)
Zebra fish (Danio rerio): [6]
LC50 96 h (mortality) >100 mg/l (OECD 203)
NOEC 96 h (mortality) = 100 mg/l (OECD 203)
Zebrafish (Danio rerio): [7]
36 d NOEC (mortality) = 0.56 mg/l (OECD 210)
Micro-organisms (activated sludge):
3 h NOEC = 1000 mg/l (OECD 209) [8]
PNEC Derivation
The PNEC is based on the following data:
PNEC (μg/l) = lowest chronic NOEC/10, where 10 is the assessment factor used. A NOEC of 560 μg/l in the fish early life stage test has been used for this calculation. [1]
PNEC = 560 μg/l / 10 = 56 μg/l
Environmental Risk Classification (PEC/PNEC Ratio)
PEC Predicted Environmental Concentration = 0.00016 μg/l
PNEC Predicted No Effect Concentration = 56 μg/l
Ratio PEC/PNEC = 0.000003
PEC/PNEC =0.00016/56 = 0.000003 for Erlotinib hydrochloride which justifies the phrase 'Use of Erlotinib hydrochloride has been considered to result in insignificant environmental risk.'
Degradation
Biotic Degradation
Ready biodegradability: [9]
0% after 28 days of incubation BOD/ThOD (OECD 301 C)
Inherent biodegradability: [10]
0% after 28 days of incubation BOD/ThOD (OECD 302 C)
Erlotinib hydrochloride is neither readily nor inherently biodegradable. This justifies the phrase 'Erlotinib hydrochloride is potentially persistent.'
Bioaccumulation/Adsorption
logPOW = 2.98-3.53 (pH 4.9–6.5, 20 °C) (OECD 107) [12]
KOC (sediment) = 5693 l/kg (OECD 308 / OECD 301 C with artificial sediment) [11]
BCF = 7.8–10.1 l/kg (OECD 305) [13]
Erlotinib hydrochloride has low potential for bioaccumulation.
Excretion/metabolism
Erlotinib is mainly Phase-I-metabolised by hepatic cytochrome -P450 enzymes CYP3A4 and, to a lesser extent, CYP1A2 as well as by pulmonary CYP1A1. Excretion of Erlotinib and its metabolites in man is mainly (≥90%) by faecal and secondarily by urinary pathway. The median half-life of elimination on repeated once-daily administration in patients is approximately 36 hours. [1]
References
1. F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (2021): Environmental Risk Assessment Summary for Erlotinib. https://www.roche.com/sustainability/environment/environmental-risk-assessment-downloads.htm.
2. European Medicines Agency (EMA) (2006/2015): Guideline on the environmental risk assessment of medicinal products for human use. European Medicines Agency, Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP), 01 June 2006, EMA/CHMP/SWP/447/00 corr 2.
3. Study Report: Solvias study no. L01-009453: Toxicity of Ro 50-8231/001 to Green Algae (Growth Inhibition Test), May 2002.
4. Study Report: Solvias study no. L01-009454: Acute Toxicity of Ro 50-8231/001 to Daphnia magna (Immobilisation Test), May 2002-
5. Study Report: ibacon study no. 39571221: Influence of Tarceva (Erlotinib) to Daphnia magna in a Reproduction Test, October 2008.
6. Study Report: Solvias study no. L01-009456: Acute Toxicity of Ro 50-8231/001 to Zebrafish (Danio rerio) under Semi-Static Conditions, May 2002.
7. Study Report: ibacon study no. 39573232: Toxicity of Tarceva (Erlotinib) to Zebrafish (Danio rerio ) in an Early-Life Stage Test, December 2008.
8. Study Report: RCC study no. A15996: Tarceva: toxicity to activated sludge in a respiration inhibition test, November 2005.
9. Study Report: SPL study no. 1384/019: OSI-774-01: Assessment of ready biodegradability in the Modified MITI Test (I), May 2003.
10. F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Tarceva – Oekotoxikologische Beurteilung Nr. E-03/01, June 2003.
11. Study Report: RCC study no. A15243: [14C]-Tarceva: Route and Rate of Degradation in Aerobic Aquatic Sediment Systems, June 2006.
12. Study Report: SPL study no. 1384/018: OSI-774-01: Determination of partition coefficient, September 2002.
13. Study Report: RCC study no. A13061: Flow-through Fish Test with [14C]-Tarceva in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), May 2006.