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Allopurinol Orifarm

Orifarm Generics AB

Tablett 100 mg
(Vita, runda med delskåra, 8,0 x 8,0 mm, prägling Nyco)

Medel mot gikt och hyperurikemi

Aktiv substans:
ATC-kod: M04AA01
Läkemedel från Orifarm Generics AB omfattas av Läkemedelsförsäkringen.
  • Vad är miljöinformation?

Miljöinformation

Miljöpåverkan

Miljöinformationen för allopurinol är framtagen av företaget Aspen Nordic för Zyloric®

Miljörisk: Användning av allopurinol har bedömts medföra medelhög risk för miljöpåverkan.
Nedbrytning: Allopurinol är potentiellt persistent.
Bioackumulering: Allopurinol har låg potential att bioackumuleras.


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Detaljerad miljöinformation


Environmental Risk Classification


Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC)


PEC is calculated according to the following formula:


PEC (μg/L) = (A*109 *(100-R))/(365*P*V*D*100) = 1.37*10-6 *A(100-R)


PEC = 0.84 μg/L


Where:

A = 6118.82 kg (total sold amount API in Sweden year 2021, data from IQVIA.)

R = X % removal rate (due to loss by adsorption to sludge particles, by volatilization, hydrolysis or biodegradation) = 0 if no data is available. R=0

P = number of inhabitants in Sweden = 10*106

V (L/day) = volume of wastewater per capita and day = 200 (ECHA default)(Ref.1)

D = factor for dilution of waste water by surface water flow = 10 (ECHA default)(Ref.1)


Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC)

Ecotoxicological Studies

Aquatic toxicity:

Daphnia: EC50 48h = 130 mg/L (OECD 202) (Ref. 2


Algea:EC50 72h = 450 µg/L (OECD 201) (Ref. 2)


Fish: LC50 96h > 100 mg/L (OECD 203) (Ref. 2)


PNEC (µg/L) = lowest EC50 / 1000 where 1000 is the assessment factor used for these data. EC50 for green alga (= 450 µg/L) has been used for this calculation since it is the most sensitive of the three tested species.


PNEC = 450 / 1000 = 0.45 µg/L


Environmental risk classification (PEC/PNEC ratio)

PEC/PNEC = 0.84 / 0.45 = 1.86 i.e.

1 < PEC/PNEC ≤ 10 which justifies the phrase "Use of allopurinol has been considered to result in moderate environmental risk".


Degradation

Inherent biodegradation: Test result 2 % degradation in 28 days ( Modified Zahn-Wellens - OECD 302B). (Ref. 2)

The medicine is potentially persistent.


Bioaccumulation

Log Pow = 0.32 (Ref. 3)


This material is not likely to sorb to soil or sediment. Measured soil sorption coefficient,

log Koc is < 1.25. (OECD 121).


References

  1. [ECHA] European Chemicals Agency. December 2022. Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental exposure assessment (version 3.0)

  2. British Pharmacopoeia, Safety Data Sheet according to 1907/2006/EC, Article 31, Allopurinol, Revision 23.04.2020.

  3. Kashim N.A.; et al, 2004. Molecular Pharmaceutics, Vol.1 No.1, 85-96.